詳しくは ― 日本人

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) は、米国で basal cell carcinoma に次いで2番目に多い皮膚がんです。通常、actinic keratosis と呼ばれる前がん病変から発生し、体の他部位へ転移することがあります。主な原因は、時間とともに蓄積される太陽からの紫外線（UV）放射への曝露です。治療は、特に頭頸部の SCC の場合、外科的切除が中心となります。放射線療法は、高齢者や手術が困難な患者の選択肢です。免疫抑制は SCC のリスクを高めます。まれに、免疫力が低下した患者では SCC が転移しやすくなります。SCC 患者は、定期的な検査と日焼け止めの使用が重要です。
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of skin cancer in the United States, behind basal cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma has precursor lesions called actinic keratosis, exhibits tumor progression and has the potential to metastasize in the body. Ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation is the primary risk factor in the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and the cumulative exposure received over a lifetime plays a major part in the development of this cancer. Surgical excision is the primary treatment modality for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, with Mohs micrographic surgery being the preferred excisional technique for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and in other areas of high risk or squamous cell carcinoma with high-risk characteristics. Radiation therapy is reserved for squamous cell carcinoma in older patients or those who will not tolerate surgery, or when it has not been possible to obtain clear margins surgically. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly after surgical treatment in very high tumors. Immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma over the course of an individual’s life. Metastasis is uncommon for squamous cell carcinomas arising in areas of chronic sun exposure, but it can take place, and the risk is increased in immunosuppressed patients. Patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma should be examined regularly and remember to use measures to protect from UV damage.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) は、がん全体で2番目に多く、罹患数は増加傾向にあります。CSCC は通常、良性の臨床経過を示しますが、局所的に限局することもあれば、体の他部位へ転移することもあります。研究者は、CSCC の発症に関与する特定のシグナル経路を明らかにし、それが新しい治療法の開発につながっています。免疫抑制状態にある患者では、変異数が多くリスクが高まるため、免疫療法の開発が進められています。本レビューでは、CSCC の遺伝的背景と、特定の分子や免疫系を標的とした最新の治療法について検討します。
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent cancer in humans and its incidence continues to rise. Although CSCC usually display a benign clinical behavior, it can be both locally invasive and metastatic. The signaling pathways involved in CSCC development have given rise to targetable molecules in recent decades. In addition, the high mutational burden and increased risk of CSCC in patients under immunosuppression were part of the rationale for developing the immunotherapy for CSCC that has changed the therapeutic landscape. This review focuses on the molecular basis of CSCC and the current biology-based approaches of targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors